A novel whole-head RF coil design tailored for concurrent multichannel brain stimulation and imaging at 3T

Purpose: Multichannel Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (mTMS) [1] is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique allowing multiple sites to be stimulated simultaneously or sequentially under electronic control without movement of the coils. To enable simultaneous mTMS and MR imaging, we have designed and constructed a whole-head 28-channel receive-only RF coil at 3T. Methods: A helmet-shaped structure was designed considering a specific layout for a mTMS system with holes for positioning the TMS units next to the scalp. Diameter of the TMS units defined the diameter of RF loops. The placement of the preamplifiers was designed to minimize possible interactions and to allow straightforward positioning of the mTMS units around the RF coil. Interactions between TMS-MRI were analyzed for the whole head system extending the results presented in previous publications [2]. Both SNR-and g-factors maps were obtained to compare the imaging performance of the coil with commercial head coils. Results: Sensitivity losses for the RF elements containing TMS units show a well-defined spatial pattern. Simulations indicate that the losses are predominantly caused by eddy currents on the coil wire windings. The average SNR performance of the TMSMR 28-channel coil is about 66% and 86% of the SNR of the 32/20-channel head coil respectively. The g-factor values of the TMSMR 28-channel coil are similar to the 32-channel coil and significantly better than the 20-channel coil.Conclusion: We present the TMSMR 28-channel coil, a head RF coil array to be integrated with a multichannel 3axisTMS coil system, a novel tool that will enable causal mapping of human brain function.