A picture fuzzy distance measure and its application to pattern recognition problems

The picture fuzzy sets are very useful in those uncertain problems which could not be solved by fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, fermatean fuzzy sets, and q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets. For example, medical diagnosis, personnel selection, human voting, etc. All of these problems require answers of the type no, yes, abstain, and refusal. To compare two picture fuzzy sets, the distance measures play an important role. There are a lot of studies about the distance measures of picture fuzzy sets available in the literature. However, all of these distance measures lead to unreasonable results in most of the problems. So, we in this paper suggest a new distance measure for picture fuzzy sets that is more effective than all of the available distance measures. We also demonstrate its utility in classification and diagnostic problems and contrast its performance with the available ones.