Effects of forest management practices on carbon dynamics of China's boreal forests under changing climates

Climate change and forest management practices influence forest productivity and carbon budgets, and under-standing their interactions is necessary to develop accurate predictions of carbon dynamics as many countries in the world strive towards carbon neutrality. Here, we developed a model-coupling framework to simulate the carbon dynamics of boreal forests in China. The expected dynamics of forest recovery and change following intense timber harvesting in the recent past and projected carbon dynamics into the future under different climate change scenarios and forest management practices (e.g., restoration, afforestation, tending, and fuel management). We predict that under current management strategies, climate change would lead to increased fire frequency and intensity, eventually shifting these forests from carbon sinks towards being carbon sources. This study suggests that future boreal forest management should be altered to reduce the probability of fire occur-rence and carbon losses caused by catastrophic fires through planting deciduous species, mechanical removal, and prescribed fire.