Accommodation-capable holographic waveguide head-up display with extended field of view

Augmented reality (AR) displays are enhancing user experiences by offering immersive three-dimensional (3D) content, with head-up display (HUD) being a prime application for driving safety. To enable AR-HUDs to provide sufficient information to driver, it is essential to ensure a wide field of view (FOV). Traditional methods like the magnifier principle have limitations stemming from optical aberrations and bulky form factor. Recently, optical waveguide has been used as pupil expander, which has attracted increasing attention as an optical element for compact form factor and exit-pupil expansion. However, waveguide display as exit-pupil expander only offer 2D images with infinite depth, causing mismatch issue between virtual content and real scenes. In this paper, we propose a lensless holographic waveguide display consisting of a laser light source, a spatial light modulator (SLM), a waveguide to generate accommodation-capable images, effectively extending FOV. The key distinction of this research lies in the optical design of the waveguide, which defines multiple shifted copies of the modulated wavefield as replicated virtual SLMs. A formalized algorithm is devised based on a bold assumption that numerous virtual SLMs replicated by a waveguide are considered as a single ultra-high resolution SLM. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been demonstrated through extensive validation through numerical observation simulations and optical experiments. Notably, optical experiments convincingly demonstrate the system's ability to produce accommodation-capable true 3D content, with a four-fold extension of FOV compared to a single SLM at an observation distance of 150 mm. Additional optical experiments highlight the successful integration of AR technology, an important component for automotive HUD.