SDAG: Blockchain-enabled Model for Secure Data Awareness in Smart Grids

We introduce SDAG, a blockchain-enabled secure data awareness model by which energy nodes can provide visibility into energy operations without involving energy operators in the smart grids. SDAG consists of a registration protocol (RPro) for assigning a cryptographic identity to an energy node and a data-aware protocol (DAPro) for executing data awareness with the support of a shared secret session key and SDAG smart contracts, which facilitate data awareness consensus amongst energy nodes. SDAG satisfies the smart grid's data awareness security requirements, which include correctness of data, assurance of energy node identity, and fairness of data awareness transactions such as energy node registration. As a proof of concept, we apply our model to mitigate a recent issue on the loss of State Estimator (SE) due to contracting data in a real-world energy grid.