Performance improvement of single and double effect solar stills with silver balls/nanofluids for bioactivation: An experimental analysis

The implementation of bioactivation nanofluid in single and double slope solar stills (SDESS) is an important aspect from thermo-economic point of view. Based on efficient thermal modelling, a comparative analysis of nanofluids is also suggested for design optimization of solar stills. To develop SDESS observations, the data is taken for the period from January 2021 to April 2022, at KLEF in India. To create green TiO2 nanoparticles using eco-friendly bleaching chemicals and jackfruit peel (Bioactivation), a green nanoscale approach is used. The performance of the double-effect solar distiller (DESD) is demonstrated using various TiO2/Jackfruit peel nanofluids (TJPN) (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) with silver colour balls. The SDESS results are presented as energy (41%) and exergy (5.63%), with the TJPN having the highest efficacy (20%) based on water depth of 0.8 cm. With a water depth of 0.8 cm over the course of a 12-hour observation period, the total SDESS efficiency result is 7.35 kg/m2 per day and TJPN for 30%. An economic analysis of SDESS is found with the cost of con-centration that portable water (per litre) and appraised around 0.0726$ by reimbursement term of 14 months. The average thermo-enviro-economics analysis of SDESS is 3.35 (exergy) and 4.71% (Energy). For 0.8 cm of water depth and an analysis of the weather for good life cycle units, SDESS concentrates 7.97 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Additionally, the analysis of TJPN optimization by the SDESS is done for 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% and is based on the theoretical yield at the maximum water temperature and water depths of 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 cm.