Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri in China: A Case Report

Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic, free-living ameba that is commonly known as the "brain-eating ameba." This parasite invades the central nervous system and causes an acute fulminant infection, which results in a fatal form of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Here, we report a case of PAM by an unexpected transmission route. Regrettably, the patient deteriorated swiftly and passed away subsequent to diagnosis, despite our exhaustive efforts. Here, we compiled a summary of 11 cases of PAM survivors who have all been treated with amphotericin, rifampicin and triazoles. Beside this regimen, miltefosine was also used successfully to treat PAM in an adolescent. More precise understanding of the survival rate and contributing factors can be established with further validation on additional cases.