The sonographic features of lymph node venous networks and flow patterns in patients with primary chronic venous disease

Background Our study aims to enhance the understanding of lymph node venous networks (LNVNs) by summarising their anatomical, sonographic features, and reflux patterns.Method We examined 241 legs from 141 patients with primary chronic venous disease (CVD) using duplex ultrasound.Results The findings indicated variations in the shape, size, vascularity, and echogenicity of LNVN. The superficial inguinal lymph node with reflux appeared slightly larger, exhibiting higher velocities in the hilar artery. Regarding connections, venous flow within LNVN was predominantly drained through the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV), and great saphenous vein (GSV). A significant number of LNVNs were observed to be associated with anterolateral thigh tributaries. The study also identified valve cusps within LNVN.Conclusion This study revealed a 12% prevalence of primary LNVN. Understanding the anatomical and haemodynamic features of LNVN informs treatment strategies and potentially helps prevent the recurrence of varicose veins.