Dendritic Polymers in Tissue Engineering: Contributions of PAMAM, PPI PEG and PEI to Injury Restoration and Bioactive Scaffold Evolution

被引:11
作者
Arkas, Michael [1 ]
Vardavoulias, Michail [2 ]
Kythreoti, Georgia [1 ]
Giannakoudakis, Dimitrios A. [3 ]
机构
[1] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nanosci Nanotechnol, Patriarchou Gregoriou St, Athens 15310, Greece
[2] PYROGENESIS SA, Technol Pk 1,Athinon Ave, Attica 19500, Greece
[3] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
关键词
dendrimer; biomaterial; cell scaffold; hydrogel; wound repair; adhesion; differentiation; osseointegration; CROSS-LINKED COLLAGEN; POLY(AMIDO AMINE) DENDRIMER; DENTIN BIOMIMETIC REMINERALIZATION; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE NANOCOMPOSITE; DIFFERENT TERMINAL GROUPS; THIOL-THIOESTER EXCHANGE; HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMER; STEM-CELLS; IN-VIVO;
D O I
10.3390/pharmaceutics15020524
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
The capability of radially polymerized bio-dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers for medical applications is well established. Perhaps the most important implementations are those that involve interactions with the regenerative mechanisms of cells. In general, they are non-toxic or exhibit very low toxicity. Thus, they allow unhindered and, in many cases, faster cell proliferation, a property that renders them ideal materials for tissue engineering scaffolds. Their resemblance to proteins permits the synthesis of derivatives that mimic collagen and elastin or are capable of biomimetic hydroxy apatite production. Due to their distinctive architecture (core, internal branches, terminal groups), dendritic polymers may play many roles. The internal cavities may host cell differentiation genes and antimicrobial protection drugs. Suitable terminal groups may modify the surface chemistry of cells and modulate the external membrane charge promoting cell adhesion and tissue assembly. They may also induce polymer cross-linking for healing implementation in the eyes, skin, and internal organ wounds. The review highlights all the different categories of hard and soft tissues that may be remediated with their contribution. The reader will also be exposed to the incorporation of methods for establishment of biomaterials, functionalization strategies, and the synthetic paths for organizing assemblies from biocompatible building blocks and natural metabolites.
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页数:64
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