An integrated approach to model seismic loss for the Himalayan infrastructure projects: Decision-making and functionality concept for disaster mitigation

Due to the potential seismicity of the region, transportation infrastructure projects in Jammu and Kashmir require resilient design. In the present study, structural integrity and possible seismic hazard are taken into account while modelling seismic loss of tunnelling projects in the Himalayas. For the predicted hazard and vulnerability functions, the impact of seismic exposure, tunnel lining aging, and construction quality are evaluated. The Pir Panjal tunnel is also assessed for seismic risk and structural damage in post-seismic situations while taking source-to-distance effects into account. The proposed vulnerability parameters will be helpful for monitoring, logistical operations, and post-disaster route functionality. For disaster prevention cells in any nation, decision-making and risk assessment are the two key activities that can profit from the findings of this study.