Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines-A Review

被引:10
|
作者
Zygner, Wojciech [1 ]
Gojska-Zygner, Olga [2 ]
Norbury, Luke J. J. [3 ]
机构
[1] Warsaw Univ Life Sci SGGW, Inst Vet Med, Dept Preclin Sci, Div Parasitol & Parasit Dis, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02786 Warsaw, Poland
[2] Labros Vet Clin, Sw Bonifacego 92, PL-02940 Warsaw, Poland
[3] RMIT Univ, STEM Coll, Sch Sci, Dept Biosci & Food Technol, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia
来源
PATHOGENS | 2023年 / 12卷 / 02期
关键词
anemia; Babesia; canine babesiosis; chemokines; cytokines; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NITRIC-OXIDE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; STIMULATING FACTOR; ICAM-1; EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.3390/pathogens12020166
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia. The infection may lead to anemia in infected dogs. However, anemia is not directly caused by the pathogen. The parasite's developmental stages only have a marginal role in contributing to a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count. The main cause of anemia in affected dogs is the immune response to the infection. This response includes antibody production, erythrophagocytosis, oxidative damage of RBCs, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, both infected and uninfected erythrocytes are retained in the spleen and sequestered in micro-vessels. All these actions are driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8. Additionally, imbalance between the actions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays a role in patho-mechanisms leading to anemia in canine babesiosis. This article is a review of the studies on the pathogenesis of anemia in canine babesiosis and related diseases, such as bovine or murine babesiosis and human or murine malaria, and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the mechanisms leading to anemia in infected dogs.
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页数:32
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