Performance and emission analysis of biodiesel blends enriched with biohydrogen and biogas in internal combustion engines

High fuel shortage is straining the world economy and damaging the environment, as it exacerbates inflation and forces a greater reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources, further jeopardizing human health and the planet. Researchers are actively exploring biodiesel combinations with various substances to enhance its performance and reduce emissions, fostering a more sustainable and eco-friendly transportation future. This study focuses on examining the impact of blending biohydrogen and biogas on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. A five-factor three-level design is employed, varying biogas (8-12%) and biohydrogen (10-14%) percentages alongside adjusting the operating characteristics (load, ignition pressure, compression ratio) of the diesel engine. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is chosen, since it offers a robust approach to model complex, nonlinear relationships. Moreover, it effectively optimizes multiple parameters, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the research. At an optimized input, Brake Thermal Efficiency (39.50%) is increased, while Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (156.73 g/kWh), Carbon Monoxide (0.39 g/kWh), Unburnt Hydro Carbons (13.2 g/kWh) and Oxides of Nitrogen (108.02 g/kWh) are decreased. The most significant parameter came out to be biohydrogen since has flame speed leading to shorter ignition delay, enabling a wholesome combustion. This is followed by biogas percentage which makes up for the surplus oxygen content. Practically, using BiohydrogenBiogas enriched biodiesel blends can result in improved combustion efficiency, decreased emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, heightened energy security via diverse renewable sources, and the prospect of sustainable transportation solutions.