Modern Technologies of Hydrogen Production

被引:37
作者
Stenina, Irina [1 ]
Yaroslavtsev, Andrey [1 ]
机构
[1] Russian Acad Sci, Kurnakov Inst Gen & Inorgan Chem, Leninsky pr 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
关键词
hydrogen production; hydrogen storage; steam reforming; water electrolysis; biomass; biohydrogen; membrane catalysis; WATER-GAS SHIFT; CATALYTIC METHANE DECOMPOSITION; COX-FREE HYDROGEN; OF-THE-ART; SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; AG MEMBRANE REACTOR; PARTIAL OXIDATION; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; PD-AG; FUEL-CELL;
D O I
10.3390/pr11010056
中图分类号
TQ [化学工业];
学科分类号
0817 ;
摘要
Transitioning to energy-saving and renewable energy sources is impossible without accelerated development of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art and recent advances of various hydrogen production processes, including but not limited to thermochemical and electrolytic processes. Their opportunities and limitations, operating conditions, and catalysts are discussed. Nowadays, most hydrogen is still produced by steam reforming of methane, its partial oxidation, or coal gasification. Considerable attention is also paid to natural gas pyrolysis. However, hydrogen produced using these technologies has a lot of impurities and needs additional purification. A series of technologies for hydrogen purification, including its filtration through palladium alloy membranes, and membrane catalysis, allowing hydrogen production and purification in one stage, are discussed. The main way to produce carbon-free hydrogen is water electrolysis using low-cost energy from nuclear or renewable sources. Both conventional and novel methods of hydrogen storage and transportation, which are an important part of the hydrogen economy, are reviewed. Biohydrogen production technologies are also discussed. Finally, prospects for further work in this field are provided. This review will be useful to researchers and manufacturers working in this field.
引用
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页数:34
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