Constructing a women-friendly academic ecology: understanding the push and pull forces on Pakistani women academics' research productivity

While it is often acknowledged that women academics encounter challenges in research, motivation, and collaboration compared to their male counterparts, this narrative perpetuates the widening scholarly publication disparity, especially in patriarchal societies and academia. However, recent research focusing solely on women has identified key factors influencing their research output. This study contributes to the literature by applying Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory to explore the experiences of 10 Pakistani women academics across various academic ranks, institution types (Women vs. coeducational), and family structures. The findings underscore the critical role of familial, collegial, and institutional support in shaping women academics' research productivity. Recognizing and addressing these factors can facilitate the creation of supportive environments conducive to enhancing the research skills, engagement, and performance of women academics, thereby promoting sustainable university development.