A multi-objective optimization strategy for building carbon emission from the whole life cycle perspective

This research proposed an integrated strategy for building performance optimization from the whole life cycle perspective to explore the optimal building scheme. After the feature elimination, the ensemble learning model (ELM) was trained to obtain a high-precision model for predicting life cycle carbon emissions (LCCE), life cycle costs (LCC), and indoor discomfort hours (IDH). Then, the optimal optimization algorithm was selected among three different optimization algorithms. Finally, the best building scheme was chosen according to the newly proposed solution. The results showed that the ELM could achieve high prediction efficiency by combining input feature evaluation and screening, multi-sampling methods, and hyperparameter optimization. The R2 value of ELM can reach 0.980, while the Two-Archive Evolutionary Algorithm for Constrained multi-objective optimi-zation (C-TAEA) was the optimal optimization algorithm. The best equilibrium solution proposed in this study solved the problem of different optimization ranges of different objectives and maximized the optimization value. Finally, the best equilibrium scheme reduced the LCCE by 34.7%, the LCC by 13.9%, and the IDH by 26.6%. Therefore, this strategy can efficiently optimize building objectives and produce a more balanced and optimal building scheme, thus making it widely applicable in building performance optimization.