Interstate Relations between the Russian Empire and Spain in the Sphere of Trade at the beginning of the XIX century

The article analyzes the sphere of trade of the Russian Empire and the Spanish monarchy at the beginning of the XIX century. The authors' view is focused on the diplomacy of the two countries within the framework of the development of commercial activities of monarchies and on the international political conjuncture that developed during this period. The paper examines the contribution of a number of senior officials and private commercial associations of the two countries to the establishment of trade relations between Russia and Spain during the revolutionary upheavals in Europe. On the basis of archival data and other open sources, the mutual dependence of international trade relations and the global political situation during the Napoleonic Wars is understood. The authors highlight the most important milestones of international commerce in the Baltic and Black Seas. In addition, the article attempts to identify the reasons for the decline in the trade balance between Spain and the Russian Empire during this period. The research materials demonstrate certain results affecting the period under study in the field of trade relations between the two powers, which mainly relied on the public need for the development of trade relations between Spain and Russia in the plane of the prevalence of the initiative of non-state commercial structures against the background of indifferent and even negative attitude to the establishment of commercial relations on the part of the public authorities. The authors emphasize the high role of the Ottoman Empire in the trends of countering Spanish-Russian trade through South Russian ports, which significantly increased the cost of Spanish goods on the Russian market.