Strategic approach towards sustainability by promoting circular economy-based municipal solid waste management system- A review

The evolution of population and swift urbanization has augmented the quantum of municipal solid waste (MSW) across the globe. The MSW has numerous problems, such as health issues, climate change, societal imbalance, etc. Decision-makers continuously investigate a practical and viable solution for eradicating the solid waste management issue. The circular economy offers a critical solution for managing solid waste with a more organized and constructive approach. The study proposes the key facets to design a solid waste management system driven by the circular economy. The circular economy framework emphasizes the 4 R's-Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover. The review instils the importance of a waste collection and sorting station, waste treatment methods, and recovery of valuables from waste. The importance of policies and legislation in solid waste management systems with cases of developed countries are also discussed. The study further elaborates on the various aspects of the circular economy, including economic, social, and environmental paradigms. An insight into achieving sustainability through a circular economy-based MSW management system is presented. CE-based waste management offers eco-friendly business models, environmental justice, and upliftment of social well-being. The paper acknowledges the worldwide business groups that have adopted the circular economy and are trying to achieve sustainability. The opportunities cited by globally renowned organizations to limit waste generation and observe material recycling and reuse in their workspace and products have also been highlighted. The study offers an understanding of the system that brings prosperity and harmony to society.