Systematic review of the human health hazards of propylene dichloride

被引：0

作者：

Lynch, Heather N. ^{[1
]}

Kozal, Jordan S. ^{[2
]}

Vincent, Melissa J. ^{[3
,7
]}

Freid, Rachel D. ^{[1
]}

Beckett, Evan M. ^{[1
,8
]}

Brown, Sarah ^{[4
,9
]}

Mathis, Claire ^{[5
,10
]}

Schoeny, Rita S. ^{[6
]}

Maier, Andrew ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Stantec ChemRisk, Boston, MA 02116 USA

[2] Stantec ChemRisk, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA

[3] Stantec ChemRisk, Blue Ash, OH USA

[4] Stantec ChemRisk, Denver, CO 80202 USA

[5] Stantec ChemRisk, Washington, DC 20004 USA

[6] Rita Schoeny LLC, Washington, DC 20002 USA

[7] Toxstrategies LLC, Cincinnati, OH USA

[8] Benchmark Risk Grp, Boston, MA 02116 USA

[9] Insight Exposure & Risk Sci Grp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[10] H2 Compliance, Springfield, VA 22150 USA

来源：

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY | 2023年 / 144卷

关键词：

Systematic review; Cancer; Mode of action; TSCA; 2-Dichloropropane; Propylene dichloride; CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE LEVELS; BILIARY-TRACT CANCER; BILE-DUCT CANCER; PRINTING WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; INHALATION EXPOSURE; ANIMAL-MODELS; S-TRANSFERASE; 1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE; TOXICITY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105468

中图分类号：

DF [法律]; D9 [法律]; R [医药、卫生];

学科分类号：

0301 ; 10 ;

摘要：

Propylene dichloride (PDC) is a chlorinated substance used primarily as an intermediate in basic organic chemical manufacturing. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently evaluating PDC as a high-priority substance under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). We conducted a systematic review of the non-cancer and cancer hazards of PDC using the EPA TSCA and Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) frameworks. We identified 12 epidemiological, 16 toxicokinetic, 34 experimental animal, and 49 mechanistic studies. Point-of-contact respiratory effects are the most sensitive non-cancer effects after inhalation exposure, and PDC is neither a reproductive nor a developmental toxicant. PDC is not mutagenic in vivo, and while in vitro evidence is mixed, DNA strand breaks consistently occur. Nasal tumors in rats and lung tumors in mice occurred after lifetime high-level inhalation exposure. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was observed in Japanese print workers exposed to high concentrations of PDC. However, co-exposures, as well as liver parasites, hepatitis, and other risk factors, may also have contributed. The cancer mode of action (MOA) analysis revealed that PDC may act through multiple biological pathways occurring sequentially and/or simultaneously, although chronic tissue damage and inflammation likely dominate. Critically, health benchmarks protective of non-cancer effects are expected to protect against cancer in humans.

引用

页数：19

共 107 条

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