Diastereomeric Effect on Bulk Photovoltaic Property and Polarized Electroluminescence in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Containing an Extended π-Conjugated Unit

We synthesized two diastereomers comprising the same pconjugated unit. One diastereomer exhibited a smectic crystal phase in which the chromophores tilted 45 degrees from the layer normal and macroscopic polarization was induced by a DC bias application in a cooling process from the high temperature phase to the smectic crystal phase. The other diastereomer exhibited a smectic crystal phase in which the chromophores were parallel to the layer normal and macroscopic polarization was not induced. The bulk photovoltaic effect and polarization-induced electroluminescence were observed only in the polarized smectic crystal phase in which the chromophores tilted from the layer normal. In the bulk photovoltaic effect in the tilted smectic crystal phase doped with fullerene derivative, the open circuit voltage and short circuit current were 1.03V and 100 mu Acm(-2) for white light illumination (20 mWcm(-2)), respectively. In the polarization-induced electro-luminescence in the tilted smectic crystal phase, linearly polarized emission with the dichroic ratio exceeding 10 was obtained and the axis of the linearly polarized emission could be rotated 90 degrees by an inversion of a DC bias of poling treatment.