A survey on the parameter extraction problem of the photovoltaic single diode model from a current-voltage curve

In recent years, the parameter extraction problem of the single diode model from a current-voltage curve of the photovoltaic generator has become a hot research topic. As it consists of a nonconvex optimization problem, its resolution is challenging. Furthermore, as the characteristic equation of the single diode model is transcendental, some mathematical approach must be specifically adopted to enable its calculation in the scope of the problem objective function. Nonetheless, it is observed that the lack of clarification on this latter issue has led to the mistaken conduct of numerous studies. In order to prevent this from continuing to occur, the present paper delivers a didactic review of this issue. In this sense, the main approaches for calculating the characteristic equation of the single diode model are initially elucidated. In sequence, about fifty optimization methods already proposed to solve the parameter extraction problem, including deterministic, metaheuristic, and conjugate ones, are documented according to the calculation approach adopted in their validation tests. The best solutions achieved by these methods for a well-known case study are then duly compared, revealing critical aspects of their respective state-of-the-art. This comparison also demonstrates that the optimization problems resulting from each calculation approach are indeed distinct. In light of these findings, some insights for future works are pertinently pointed out. Therefore, it is believed that the present paper will be helpful for new and experienced researchers to update their knowledge on this topic and appropriately develop their research.