Regression of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Arising From the Nonampullary Descending Part of the Duodenum by Treatment With Antibiotics in a Helicobacter pylori-Negative Patient

We report a 63- year-old male, Helicobacter pylori-negative patient with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the second part of the duodenum that regressed after antibiotic treatment. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed flat elevation with shallow depression on the contralateral side of the ampulla of Vater. The lesion was limited to the duodenal second part. The patient had a history of Helicobacter pylori positivity, with successful eradication at 41 years of age. Twelve months after vonoprazan (VPZ)-based antibiotic treatment, the duodenal lesion had obviously regressed, and the pathological diagnosis was complete histological response (ChR). This case suggests that certain bacteria may promote the development of duodenal MALT lymphoma.