Exploring physicians′ experiences under the national health insurance scheme in Southeastern Nigeria

Background A number of low-and middle-income countries have implemented National Health Insurance Schemes (NHIS) as part of efforts to increase access to quality healthcare and financial protection from regressive out-of-pocket payments. This study explored physicians' experiences under the Nigerian (NHIS) to identify factors that may influence efficient health care delivery. Methods A convenient sample of 85 physicians residing in South-East Nigeria who had active contracts with the NHIS were surveyed via self-administered questionnaire for this study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data while Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine if there were statistically significant associations between physician professional characteristics and their responses to key statements that assessed their experiences and behavior. Also, thematic analysis was used to assess additional qualitative data provided by study participants. Results Provider experiences were affected by the perceived inadequacy of reimbursement rates, delays in payment and services not covered by the NHIS. Participants' responses to statements on inadequacy of reimbursement was significantly associated with location using Kruskal-Wallis test (chi(2) (1) = 7.24, p = 0.027) while billing patients for services not covered under the NHIS was significantly associated with length of years of practice (chi(2) (1) = 15.5, p = 0.001) and place of employment (chi(2) (1) = 5.82, p = 0.054). Conclusion Physician experiences and challenges they face under the NHIS program in Nigeria have unintended effects on the delivery of health care services. It is imperative that these issues are addressed to improve health service delivery.