Ductile Deformation of the Lithospheric Mantle

被引:6
作者
Warren, Jessica M. [1 ]
Hansen, Lars N. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Delaware, Dept Earth Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[2] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
deformation mechanisms; ductile flow; lithosphere; mantle; olivine; plasticity; OLIVINE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; FORSTERITE PLUS ENSTATITE; MOLTEN UPPER-MANTLE; GRAIN-SIZE; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; DISLOCATION CREEP; EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MINERAL FRACTION;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-063756
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The strength of lithospheric plates is a central component of plate tectonics, governed by brittle processes in the shallow portion of the plate and ductile behavior in the deeper portion.We review experimental constraints on ductile deformation of olivine, the main mineral in the upper mantle and thus the lithosphere. Olivine deforms by four major mechanisms: lowtemperature plasticity, dislocation creep, dislocation-accommodated grainboundary sliding (GBS), and diffusion-accommodated grain-boundary sliding (diffusion creep). Deformation in most of the lithosphere is dominated by GBS, except in shear zones-in which diffusion creep dominatesand in the brittle-ductile transition-in which low-temperature plasticity may dominate. We find that observations from naturally deformed rocks are consistent with extrapolation of the experimentally constrained olivine flow laws to geological conditions but that geophysical observations predict a weaker lithosphere. The causes of this discrepancy are unresolved but likely reside in the uncertainty surrounding processes in the brittle-ductile transition, at which the lithosphere is strongest.
引用
收藏
页码:581 / 609
页数:29
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