Influence of calcination and GGBS addition in preparing β-hemihydrate synthetic gypsum from phosphogypsum

Transforming phosphogypsum (PG) to beta-hemihydrate PG with cementitious properties at low calcination temperature is an effective method for large-scale utilization of by-product PG. Nevertheless, due to the poor water resistance of PG, its application and recycling rate is limited. This study aims to produce water-resistant beta-hemihydrate synthetic gypsum (SG) with minimum cost and energy consumption, using calcined PG as the raw material. The effect of PG calcination temperature (100 degrees C, 140 degrees C, 180 degrees C, and 220 degrees C) on the properties of SG was evaluated, and it was found that 180 degrees C calcination temperature was able to fully convert the PG to beta-hemihydrate SG. Additionally, SG prepared using 180 degrees C calcined PG exhibited the highest compressive strength (9.15 MPa). On the other hand, various contents of the mineral admixture, namely, GGBS (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 %), were incorporated in SG to evaluate the viability of GGBS to improve the compressive strength and water resistance of SG. However, the results revealed that adding GGBS has little effect on the performance of SG. Especially, when 25 % GGBS was added, the compressive strength of SG was reduced by 66.3 %. Consequently, further investigation into how to enhance the effect of GGBS is required.