A comprehensive study on product properties and synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis of antibiotic mycelium residues and agricultural and forestry wastes

Co-pyrolysis is considered as a promising method to treat solid waste and improve product properties. In this work, the co-pyrolysis behavior of penicillin mycelial residues (PMR) and rice husk (RH) and wood dusts (WD) was studied, the physicochemical properties of co-pyrolysis products (gas, tar and biochar) were systematically analyzed, and the interaction effects were discussed. TG results showed that the synergistic effect of PMR copyrolysis with WD was much higher than that of PMR co-pyrolysis with RH. And co-pyrolysis showed synergistic effect on biochar and tar and antagonistic effect on gas. XRD, Raman and XPS results showed that the copyrolysis of PMR and additives (RH and WD) was beneficial to improve the aromaticity and graphitization of biochar. For the co-pyrolysis of PMR and RH, the enhancement of Maillard and Mannich reaction promoted the formation of N-containing heterocyclic compounds, the N-containing compounds obtained better synergistic effects (S = 21.28 %). During the co-pyrolysis of PMR and WD, the decarboxylation, glycoside bond breaking, inner ring C-O group breaking and C-C bond breaking of macromolecules promoted the increase of ketones and furans, especially the ketones obtained the greatest synergistic effect (S = 73.93 %). And the possible reaction pathways for synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis of PMR with RH and WD was speculated, the application framework of pyrolysis products based on the concept of green sustainable development was designed.