To Predict, Prevent, and Manage Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Biomarkers

被引:36
作者
Al Jowf, Ghazi I. I. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Ahmed, Ziyad T. T. [4 ]
Reijnders, Rick A. A. [1 ,3 ]
de Nijs, Laurence [1 ,3 ]
Eijssen, Lars M. T. [1 ,3 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Maastricht Univ Med Ctr, Fac Hlth Med & Life Sci, Sch Mental Hlth & Neurosci MHeNs, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
[2] King Faisal Univ, Coll Appl Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Al Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
[3] Maastricht Univ, European Grad Sch Neurosci, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
[4] Sulaiman Al Rajhi Univ, Coll Med, Al Bukairyah 52726, Saudi Arabia
[5] Maastricht Univ, Fac Hlth Med & Life Sci, Sch Nutr & Translat Res Metab NUTRIM, Dept Bioinformat BiGCaT, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
关键词
stress; traumatic stress; PTSD; behaviour changes; pathophysiology; public health; biomarkers; prevention; treatment; BENZODIAZEPINE-RECEPTOR BINDING; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y CONCENTRATIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; DOUBLE-BLIND; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PREFRONTAL CORTEX;
D O I
10.3390/ijms24065238
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can become a chronic and severely disabling condition resulting in a reduced quality of life and increased economic burden. The disorder is directly related to exposure to a traumatic event, e.g., a real or threatened injury, death, or sexual assault. Extensive research has been done on the neurobiological alterations underlying the disorder and its related phenotypes, revealing brain circuit disruption, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Psychotherapy remains the first-line treatment option for PTSD given its good efficacy, although pharmacotherapy can also be used as a stand-alone or in combination with psychotherapy. In order to reduce the prevalence and burden of the disorder, multilevel models of prevention have been developed to detect the disorder as early as possible and to reduce morbidity in those with established diseases. Despite the clinical grounds of diagnosis, attention is increasing to the discovery of reliable biomarkers that can predict susceptibility, aid diagnosis, or monitor treatment. Several potential biomarkers have been linked with pathophysiological changes related to PTSD, encouraging further research to identify actionable targets. This review highlights the current literature regarding the pathophysiology, disease development models, treatment modalities, and preventive models from a public health perspective, and discusses the current state of biomarker research.
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页数:31
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