Advancing the Frontiers in Photoacoustic Imaging

The past decade has produced a sequence of breakthroughs in imaging that uses both light and sound for signal transmission. Photoacoustic imaging is a prime example with major advances in both the optical and ultrasonic pathways. While the range of possibilities in the optical pathway design is limited by the applicable physics, many innovations are occurring in the ultrasound signal processing pathway. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the image reconstruction process is poised to significantly impact photoacoustic imaging. Other innovations, including more versatile system designs, novel transducers, and advanced image reconstruction, are significantly enhancing the capabilities of photoacoustic imaging. The research community has also witnessed a rapid evolution calling upon the new and unique sources of contrast offered by photoacoustic imaging combined with further development of photoacoustic contrast agents. These innovations have provided an approach to monitor the accumulation and distribution of therapeutic agents. Together, innovations contributing to the improved performance of photoacoustic imaging are facilitating pilot studies in both animal models and humans to prepare for the clinical use of photoacoustic imaging in the evaluation of arthritis, skin ulcers, neurovascular and cardiovascular function, and placental vasculature. To highlight these important research activities, the Spotlight Issue on Frontiers in Photoacoustic Imaging has featured 11 articles that cover a broad range of scientific advances on this emerging imaging modality.