Barium hydride activates Ni for ammonia synthesis catalysis

Nickel (Ni) metal has long been considered to be far less active for catalytic ammonia synthesis as compared to iron, cobalt, and ruthenium. Herein, we show that Ni metal synergized with barium hydride (BaH2) can catalyse ammonia synthesis with an activity comparable to that of an active Cs-Ru/MgO catalyst typically below 300 degrees C. Kinetic analyses show that the addition of BaH2 makes the apparent activation energy for the Ni catalyst decrease dramatically from 150 kJ mol(-1) to 87 kJ mol(-1). This result together with N-2-TPR experiments suggests a strong synergistic effect between Ni and BaH2 for promoting N-2 activation and hydrogenation to NH3. It is suggested that an intermediate [N-H] species is generated upon N-2 fixation and then is hydrogenated to NH3 with the regeneration of hydride species, forming a catalytic cycle.