Lignins of various taxonomical origins: structural features, adsorption and antioxidant properties

The proposed work is in line with current trends in the development of nature-like technologies and is devoted to analyzing the chemical structure and searching for new ways to use lignins for biomedical applications. Lignins are interesting biopolymers of the plant origin whose structural organization is multivariate and largely depends on the biological species of the plant. The objects of the study are lignins isolated from the stems of several species of annual and perennial plants. Characterization of lignins using FTIR, Py-GC/MS, EPR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy revealed differences in the chemical structure of these biopolymers. The processes of adsorption/desorption of mycotoxins T-2 and aflatoxin B-2 (AFB(2)) were studied under conditions of in vitro modeling of the digestive system of mammals. The relationship between the parameters of surface-porous structure, chemical structure, and lignin adsorption parameters has been revealed. We have determined that the best adsorbents of mycotoxins are lignins with a high content of active functional groups, namely carboxyl groups and phenolic groups. The highest value of strong adsorption of aflatoxin B2 and mycotoxin T-2 could be characterized by a sample of lignin isolated from walnut wood. The analysis of the totality of data on the adsorption capacity and parameters of the structural organization of lignins at the chemical, macromolecular and morphological levels allows concluding that chemisorption mechanisms play the most important role in the implementation of strong adsorption of mycotoxins. The antioxidant activity of lignins was evaluated. The results of the study of structural-chemical, antioxidant and adsorption properties in relation to various mycotoxins indicate a high biomedical potential of natural lignins. [GRAPHICS]