A scoping review of asthma and machine learning

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of machine learning (ML) application in asthma research and to identify research gaps while mapping the existing literature. Data Sources: We conducted a scoping review. PubMed, ProQuest, and Embase Scopus databases were searched with an end date of September 18, 2020. Study Selection: DistillerSR was used for data management. Inclusion criteria were an asthma focus, human participants, ML techniques, and written in English. Exclusion criteria were abstract only, simulation-based, not human based, or were reviews or commentaries. Descriptive statistics were presented. Results: A total of 6,317 potential articles were found. After removing duplicates, and reviewing the titles and abstracts, 102 articles were included for the full text analysis. Asthma episode prediction (24.5%), asthma phenotype classification (16.7%), and genetic profiling of asthma (12.7%) were the top three study topics. Cohort (52.9%), cross-sectional (20.6%), and case-control studies (11.8%) were the study designs most frequently used. Regarding the ML techniques, 34.3% of the studies used more than one technique. Neural networks, clustering, and random forests were the most common ML techniques used where they were used in 20.6%, 18.6%, and 17.6% of studies, respectively. Very few studies considered location of residence (i.e. urban or rural status). Conclusions: The use of ML in asthma studies has been increasing with most of this focused on the three major topics (>50%). Future research using ML could focus on gaps such as a broader range of study topics and focus on its use in additional populations (e.g. location of residence). Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/.