Impact of Anemia on Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Death Among Participants Who Received Intense Blood Pressure Treatment: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT

Background: To investigate whether anemia is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all -cause death among participants who received intensive blood pressure (BP) treatment in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Methods: A total of 4394 participants who received intensive BP control (systolic BP <120 mmHg) in SPRINT were included. Anemia status was self -reported. Our primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events, and the secondary outcome was all -cause death. Cox regression was used to compare the incidence of outcomes between participants with anemia and non -anemia. In order to balance the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied. Hazard ratios (HRs), along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were then calculated. Results: There were 4394 participants who received intensive BP control (537 participants with anemia). Participants with anemia were older (mean age 68.86 versus 67.75, p = 0.01) and more likely to be female (64.8% versus 31.8%, p < 0.001). The presence of anemia was strongly associated with composite cardiovascular events after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.18-2.34, p = 0.004). The association remained statistically significant even in the population after IPTW (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.06-2.27, p = 0.024). The secondary outcome revealed that participants with anemia had a higher rate of all -cause death compared to those without anemia. The HR of all -cause death for participants with anemia was 1.61 (95% CI 1.00-2.57, p = 0.049) in the population after IPTW. Conclusions: Anemia appears to be an independent risk factor for composite cardiovascular events and all -cause death among participants who received intensive BP control in SPRINT.