Advanced glycation end products inhibit proliferation and primary cilia formation of myoblasts through receptor for advanced glycation end products pathway

The loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to various adverse conditions and shortened lifespan. The inhibition of myoblast proliferation is one of the causes that trigger muscle atrophy. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to muscle atrophy. Since primary cilia are crucial organelles for proliferation, AGEs may inhibit primary cilia formation of myoblasts, thereby leading to impaired proliferation. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether AGEs impeded the proliferation and formation of primary cilia of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. AGE treatment inhibited the proliferation and formation of primary cilia. However, the inhibitor of the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGEs) abolished the inhibition of the proliferation and the primary cilia formation of C2C12 cells by AGEs, suggesting that AGEs cause these inhibitions through the RAGE pathway. In summary, our findings suggested that AGEs suppress the proliferation and formation of primary cilia of myoblasts through the RAGE pathway.