Discordance between clinical and pathologic staging and the timeliness of care of non-small cell lung cancer patients diagnosed with operable tumors

AimThis study was performed to evaluate concordance between clinical and pathologic staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in our hospital network. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of 417 patients with NSCLC who received curative surgery and whose pathology was evaluated in our hospital between 2016 and 2021. Cytology, tissue pathology, and associated clinical, surgical, and imaging information were retrieved from hospital digital records. ResultsThe cohort included 214 female and 203 male patients aged 20.6-85.8 years. Median times among staging computed tomography and surgery (105 days [interquartile range (IQR) 77.0-143.0]), positron emission tomography and surgery (78.5 days [IQR 56.0-109.0]), and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration and surgery (59 days [IQR 42-94]) indicated that Australian guidelines of <42 days between original referral and commencement of treatment were not being met in the majority of cases. Discordance between clinical TNM (cTNM) and pathologic TNM staging was 25.9%, including 18.4% cases that were clinically understaged and two patients with undetected stage IVA disease. cTNM understaging was significantly associated with time between the final staging investigation and surgery (p = .023), pleural (p < .05) and vessel (p < .05) invasion, and diagnosis of high-grade adenocarcinoma (p = .001). ConclusionDiscordance between clinical and pathologic staging of NSCLC is associated with tumor histopathologic characteristics and treatment delays. Although tumor factors that lead to discordant staging cannot be controlled, reduced time to surgery may have resulted in better outcomes for some patients in this potentially curable lung cancer cohort.