Optimization of open web steel beams using the finite element method and genetic algorithms

Studies on structural optimization have gained prominence recently, and the search to consume resources in a more conscious and effective way encourages the use of such techniques in all fields. In this respect, this study aims to use computational optimization techniques to determine the maximum load-bearing capacity of hollow-core steel beams for two groups of different shear lines, one generating beams with opening in the shape of hexagons and the other having the shape of ellipses. The second group includes beams with circular openings as a particular case. A three-node triangular finite element for the analysis of structures in plane stress is used for the structural analysis of the beams. The design variables define the shape and number of opening in the beam, and a computational formulation using a genetic algorithm is presented to find the cut line that maximizes the load capacity of the beam considering different ultimate and service limit states. Numerical and experimental models in the literature are used to validate the implementations presented in this article, and the results of optimized hollow core beams are presented, demonstrating the efficiency of the formulations used.