Extended-spectrum fi-lactamase- and AmpC fi-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales associated with urinary tract infections in the New Zealand community: a case-control study

Objectives: To assess whether having a pet in the home is a risk factor for community-acquired urinary tract infections associated with extended-spectrum fi-lactamase (ESBL)-or AmpC fi-lactamase (ACBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted between August 2015 and September 2017. Cases (n = 141) were people with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by ESBL-or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales. Controls (n = 525) were recruited from the community. A telephone questionnaire on pet ownership and other factors was administered, and associations were assessed using logistic regression. Results: Pet ownership was not associated with ESBL-or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales-related human UTIs. A positive association was observed for recent antimicrobial treatment, travel to Asia in the previous year, and a doctor's visit in the last 6 months. Among isolates with an ESBL-/ACBL-producing phenotype, 126/134 (94%) were Escherichia coli , with sequence type 131 being the most common (47/126). Conclusions: Companion animals in the home were not found to be associated with ESBL-or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales-related community-acquired UTIs in New Zealand. Risk factors included over-seas travel, recent antibiotic use, and doctor visits. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )