A nanofiber/sponge double-layered composite membrane capable of inhibiting infection and promoting blood coagulation during wound healing

Uncontrolled bleeding and bacterial infections cause severe damage to the wounds and remain a clinical challenge. Here, we developed a nanofiber/sponge bilayered composite membrane (QCP) containing quaternized silicone (QP12) and quaternized chitosan (QCS12) by joint approaches of electrospinning and freeze-drying and investigated their potential for wound dressing. The QCP was composed of a sponge (QCC) containing collagen (COL) and QCS12 and a nanofibrous membrane (MQP) containing poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) and QP12. The QCP composite membrane possessed feasible permeability (0.22 +/- 0.01 g/(cm(2)center dot 24 h)), available thermal stability, suitable mechanical properties with natural skin, and in vivo hemostatic efficiency. The bonds of the N-quaternary and Schiff base endow composite membranes with significant anti-microbial invasion, potentially enhancing the wound healing process with an eligible microenvironment. Meanwhile, QCP evinced fine hemocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, negligible skin irritation, and other desirable biosafety as an excellent wound dressing. QCP promoted collagen deposition and re-epithelization to accelerate healing and suppress scars in the full-thickness acute wound models. Furthermore, the evaluation in the chronic skin incision model of diabetes mellitus manifested high healing efficiency with a certain resistance to bacterial infection of the composite membrane. Taken together, the QCP composite membrane may be a potential antibacterial and hemostatic wound dressing.