Resilience Enhancement of Urban Energy Systems via Coordinated Vehicle-to-grid Control Strategies

Coordinated vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control strategies can sustain essential loads of an energy system during islanding, thereby increasing resilience. In this context, this paper investigates the resilience enhancement benefits of smart V2G control, the value of electric vehicle (EV) owner cooperation on system resilience, as well as the complementary effects of PV and EV interaction in an urban multi-energy microgrid (MEMG). By using a rolling horizon approach to optimize day-ahead operation of the MEMG and subsequently dispatching EVs, uncertainties in outage start time, EV arrival/departure times, and initial state of charge (SOC) are mitigated. Results show that smart V2G control can provide a substantial essential load curtailment reduction compared to a non-EV scenario, meanwhile, non-coordinated grid-to-vehicle (G2V) operation was shown to slightly burden the system with a slight increase in non-essential load curtailment. Investigations into the influence of EV cooperation on resilience showed that a high percentage of system-prioritized (SP) EVs could help greatly further reduce essential load curtailment compared to individual-prioritized (IP) EVs. Finally, the complementary benefits of smart V2G control and PV were demonstrated, showing a reduction in both PV and essential load curtailments with increasing numbers of EVs. Overall, the application of smart V2G control, especially with cooperation of EV owners, can drive significant resilience enhancement during islanding, while further benefits can be obtained through having a sufficient number of EVs to utilize high PV penetration.