Experimental investigation of jet impingement during accidental release of liquid CO2

Jet impingement and low-temperature damage are potential risks of accidental release during the transportation and storage of liquid CO2. An experimental system was built to investigate the characteristics of jet impingement of liquid CO2. The effects of orifice size and impinging distance on the impinging force of the jet and temperature of the target surface were investigated at 2.3 MPa and 5 MPa, with orifice sizes from 2 to 4.84 mm and impinging distances from 0.25 to 1.5 m. A jet impingement model was established considering the initial pressure, orifice size, impinging distance and impingement area. The experimental results indicated that dry-ice attached on the plate surface, reducing the surface temperature to-90 degrees C and improving the impinging force to 44.54 N with decreasing impingement distance. The variation in initial pressure had a more pronounced effect on the impinging force than on the impinging temperature, while the impingement distance had more influence on the impinging temperature than the orifice size and initial pressure. The results calculated with the model agreed well with the experimental results with an error of nearly less than 20%. The model was also used to analyse the effects of the initial pressure, liquid mass fraction, orifice size, impingement distance and impingement area on the release rate and impingement force.