Identification of circulating microRNA patterns in patients in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Objective miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression. Specific intra- and extracellular miRNA signatures have been identified in various diseases. Whether certain miRNA signatures are associated with psoriasis (PsO) and PsA is currently unknown. We aimed to search for circulating miRNA signatures associated with PsO and PsA patients. Methods Expression of miRNAs was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in the serum of PsA, PsO patients and healthy controls. Demographic and disease-specific characteristics and imaging data from hand MRI were recorded. In the discovery phase, 192 miRNA assays were analysed in 48 samples (PsA, PsO, controls: each N = 16). For validation, 17 selected miRNAs were measured in the total population. Results A total of 141 patients and controls were analysed (51 PsA, 40 PsO, 50 controls). In the discovery phase 51 miRNAs in PsO and 64 miRNAs in PsA were down- or upregulated compared with controls, with 33 miRNAs being changed in both (adj. P < 0.05). The 17 top candidates from discovery were assessed in the validation phase, 9 of them discriminated PsA and PsO from controls [area under the curve (AUC) >= 0.70, all P < 0.05]. Four miRNAs (miR-19b-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p and let-7b-5p) were significantly differently regulated between PsO and PsA. A combination of these miRNAs increased the AUC to 0.92 in multivariate regression model to discriminate PsO and PsA. Conclusion miRNA signatures in PsA and PsO patients differ from controls. Nine miRNAs were differentially regulated in PsA and PsO patients, five of them previously reported to be involved in bone and cartilage metabolism, indicating an intimate association of psoriatic inflammation and bone/cartilage changes.