Harmonic Mitigation Using Meta-Heuristic Optimization for Shunt Adaptive Power Filters: A Review

Shunt Adaptive Power Filter (SAPF) is widely used in the performance of power quality improvement activities in the power supply industry for processing industries or civil power sources in the world today based on its simplicity, transparency, high reliability, efficiency, and reliability, and their powerful compensating current-providing nature. The PI controller integrated into the SAPF operation mechanism works with extra high efficiency in selecting the current to compensate for the lost current generated in the power supply due to harmonics generated by the Kp, Ki parameter values. The system operates by the PWM method for bridge rectifier circuits that perform the function of selecting the appropriate compensating current, providing correct compensation for the amount of current loss in the power supply. Adjusting the Kp, Ki parameter to reach the optimal value by different methods is a promising and popular research direction at present. The Kp, Ki parameter serves the right purpose for the PI controller to generate enough PWM pulses to excite the bridge rectifiers to generate just the right amount of compensating current and enough current to be compensated on the power supply. The commonly used Kp, Ki parameter adjustment methods include the Ziegler Nichols closed-loop vibration method, the P-Q theoretical method, and several other methods. This study conducts a comprehensive review of the literature on modern strategies for adjusting the Kp, Ki parameters in the PI controller in the SAPF suite by using the meta-heuristic optimization method. This study performs classification according to the operation mode of meta-heuristic optimization methods to adjust the Kp, Ki parameter to control the PI to select the correct PWM frequency to activate bridge rectifiers to select the most optimal compensation current to compensate for the loss of current on the power supply to meet the goal of improving power quality in accordance with IEEE 519-2022 standard, leading to the total harmonic distortion (THD) value is below 5%. The study presents in detail some meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, including applications, mathematical equations, and implementation of flow charts for SAPF and provides some open problems for future research. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of applying meta-heuristic optimization algorithms to the Kp, Ki parameter tuning of PI controllers.