Resilience and sustainability assessment of individual buildings under hazards: A review

With the acceleration of urbanization process, the hazard risk has been simultaneously increased. To finally achieve sustainable development, the city should be robustness to withstand the hazards and can quickly recover to normal operation. In recent years, the resilience and sustainability research on cities have been widely con-cerned by academia and engineering, in which the reasonable assessment of individual buildings is the most fundamental and imperative mission. Therefore, this study makes a comprehensive review of the resilience and sustainability assessment of the individual buildings under hazards. Firstly, the quantification indicators and assessment methods of resilience and sustainability have been separately introduced, and the links between the two aspects are also displayed. Most of earlier studies regard resilience and sustainability as separated directions. The resilience quantification frameworks considering different types of disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, fires) and various dimensions (e.g., social, economic, technical) had been proposed. Meanwhile, the life-cycle sustainability assessment frameworks covering social, economic, environmental dimensions had also been widely studied. Secondly, the necessity of incorporating the resilience and sustainability are presented and the existing research progresses are remarked. At present, the combination assessment framework of the resil-ience and sustainability had been proposed with the recognition of the links between the two aspects especially for hazard-prone areas. Nevertheless, the compatibilities of the two aspects, including the different time dimension and quantification indicators, have not been well considered, so there is still problems to be addressed on the combination assessment of resilience and sustainability. Finally, the conclusions and future prospect work on the resilience and sustainability assessment are discussed. This study is aimed to provide reference for the research of disaster prevention and relief as well as sustainable development of civil engineering.