Long-Wavelength VCSELs: Status and Prospects

被引：23

作者：

Babichev, Andrey ^{[1
]}

Blokhin, Sergey ^{[2
]}

Kolodeznyi, Evgenii ^{[1
]}

Karachinsky, Leonid ^{[1
]}

Novikov, Innokenty ^{[1
]}

Egorov, Anton ^{[3
,4
]}

Tian, Si-Cong ^{[5
,6
]}

Bimberg, Dieter ^{[5
,6
]}

机构：

[1] ITMO Univ, Inst Adv Data Transfer Syst, St Petersburg 197101, Russia

[2] Ioffe Inst, Lab Phys Semicond Heterostruct, St Petersburg 194021, Russia

[3] Alferov Univ, St Petersburg 194021, Russia

[4] Connector Opt LLC, St Petersburg 194292, Russia

[5] Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Opt, Bimberg Chinese German Ctr Green Photon, Fine Mech & Phys CIOMP, Changchun 130033, Peoples R China

[6] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Solid State Phys, Ctr Nanophoton, D-10623 Berlin, Germany

来源：

PHOTONICS | 2023年 / 10卷 / 03期

基金：

国家重点研发计划; 俄罗斯科学基金会;

关键词：

vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs); wafer bonding; superlattices; optical modulation; long-wavelength; short-cavity; 1300; nm; 1550; MBE; MOVPE; SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; BURIED TUNNEL-JUNCTION; VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; WAFER-FUSED VCSELS; HIGH-SPEED MODULATION; LOW-THRESHOLD; CURRENT-CONFINEMENT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MODAL PROPERTIES;

D O I：

10.3390/photonics10030268

中图分类号：

O43 [光学];

学科分类号：

070207 ; 0803 ;

摘要：

Single-mode long-wavelength (LW) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) present an inexpensive alternative to DFB-lasers for data communication in next-generation giga data centers, where optical links with large transmission distances are required. Narrow wavelength-division multiplexing systems demand large bit rates and single longitudinal and transverse modes. Spatial division multiplexing transmission through multicore fibers using LW VCSELs is enabling still larger-scale data center networks. This review discusses the requirements for achieving high-speed modulation, as well as the state-of-the-art. The hybrid short-cavity concept allows for the realization of f(3dB) frequencies of 17 GHz and 22 GHz for 1300 nm and 1550 nm range VCSELs, respectively. Wafer-fusion (WF) concepts allow the realization of long-time reliable LW VCSELs with a record single-mode output power of more than 6 mW, 13 GHz 3 dB cut-off frequency, and data rates of 37 Gbit/s for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation at 1550 nm.

引用

页数：22

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