The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

被引：101

作者：

Barret, Didier ^{[1
]}

Albouys, Vincent ^{[2
]}

den Herder, Jan-Willem ^{[3
]}

Piro, Luigi ^{[4
]}

Cappi, Massimo ^{[5
]}

Huovelin, Juhani ^{[6
]}

Kelley, Richard ^{[7
]}

Miguel Mas-Hesse, J. ^{[8
]}

Paltani, Stephane ^{[9
]}

Rauw, Gregor ^{[10
]}

Rozanska, Agata ^{[11
]}

Svoboda, Jiri ^{[12
]}

Wilms, Joern ^{[13
]}

Yamasaki, Noriko ^{[14
]}

Audard, Marc ^{[9
]}

Bandler, Simon ^{[7
]}

Barbera, Marco ^{[15
,16
]}

Barcons, Xavier ^{[17
]}

Bozzo, Enrico ^{[9
]}

Ceballos, Maria Teresa ^{[17
]}

Charles, Ivan ^{[18
]}

Costantini, Elisa ^{[3
]}

Dauser, Thomas ^{[13
]}

Decourchelle, Anne ^{[19
]}

Duband, Lionel ^{[18
]}

Duval, Jean-Marc ^{[18
]}

Fiore, Fabrizio ^{[20
]}

Gatti, Flavio ^{[21
]}

Goldwurm, Andrea ^{[22
]}

den Hartog, Roland ^{[3
]}

Jackson, Brian ^{[23
]}

Jonker, Peter ^{[3
]}

Kilbourne, Caroline ^{[7
]}

Korpela, Seppo ^{[6
]}

Macculi, Claudio ^{[4
]}

Mendez, Mariano ^{[24
]}

Mitsuda, Kazuhisa ^{[25
]}

Molendi, Silvano ^{[26
]}

Pajot, Francois ^{[1
]}

Pointecouteau, Etienne ^{[1
]}

Porter, Frederick ^{[7
]}

Pratt, Gabriel W. ^{[19
]}

Prele, Damien ^{[22
]}

Ravera, Laurent ^{[1
]}

Sato, Kosuke ^{[27
]}

Schaye, Joop ^{[28
]}

Shinozaki, Keisuke ^{[29
]}

Skup, Konrad ^{[30
]}

Soucek, Jan ^{[31
]}

Thibert, Tanguy ^{[32
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, UPS, CNRS,CNES, 9 Ave Colonel Roche,BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse, France

[2] Ctr Spatial Toulouse, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France

[3] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, Niels Bohrweg 4, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands

[4] Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[5] Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio, INAF, Via Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[6] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, POB 64,Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[7] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[8] European Space Astron Ctr ESA ESAC, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Dept Astrofis, Unidad Maria de Maeztu, Camino Bajo del Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[9] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Chemin Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[10] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Quartier Agora, Allee 6 Aout 19c, B-4000 Liege 1, Sart Tilman, Belgium

[11] Ctr Astron Mikolaja Kopernika Polskiej Akad Nauk, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[12] Czech Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Bocni 2 1401-1, CZ-14100 Prague 4, Czech Republic

[13] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Astron Inst FAU, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany

[14] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan

[15] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fis & Chim, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy

[16] INAF Osservatorio Astron Palermo GS Vaiana, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy

[17] Inst Fis Cantabria CSIC UC, Edificio Juan Jorda,Ave Castros S-N, E-39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain

[18] CEA Grenoble, Dept Syst Basses Temp, 17 Ave Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble 99, France

[19] UMR AIM, Dept Astrophys, Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[20] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

[21] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy

[22] Univ Paris Cite, Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, CEA, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France

[23] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands

[24] Univ Groningen, Fac Sci & Engn, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands

[25] Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[26] INAF IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[27] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura Ku, 255 Shimo Okubo, Saitama 3388570, Japan

[28] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[29] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Res & Dev Directorate, Res Unit 2 U2, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan

[30] Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Badan Kosmicznych, Bartycka 18a, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[31] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Bocni 2 1401, Prague 14131 4, Czech Republic

[32] Ctr Spatial Liege, Liege Sci Pk,Ave Preaily, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium

[33] Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst GRAPPA, POB 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands

[34] Univ Alicante, Inst Fis Aplicada Ciencias & Tecnol, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig S-N, Alicante 03090, Spain

[35] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury House,Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England

[36] LAM Lab Astrophys Marseille, Pole Etoile Site Chateau Gombert, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France

[37] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[38] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 1085 South Univ Ave,323 West Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[39] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Rome, Italy

[40] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-509, Livermore, CA 94550 USA

[41] INAF Headquarter, Viale Parco Mellini 84, I-00136 Rome, Italy

[42] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Unita Ric Sci, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[43] CNR, Ist Foton & Nanotecnol, Via Cineto Romano 42, I-00156 Rome, Italy

[44] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[45] INTA, Crtra Ajalvir Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain

[46] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[47] VTT, Tietotie 3, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland

[48] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy

[49] Univ Coll Cork, Coll Rd, Cork, Ireland

[50] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis, Ciudad Univ, Madrid 28040, Spain

来源：

EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY | 2023年 / 55卷 / 02期

关键词：

Athena: the advanced telescope for high energy astrophysics; X-IFU: The X-ray Integral Field Unit; Space instrumentation; X-rays; Observatory; THERMAL FILTERS; INSTRUMENT; HOT;

D O I：

10.1007/s10686-022-09880-7

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, with additional contributions from the United States and Japan.

引用

页码：373 / 426

页数：54

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