Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease

被引:0
作者
Vondenhoff, Sonja [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Schunk, Stefan J. [3 ]
Noels, Heidi [1 ,2 ,4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Mol Cardiovasc Res IMCAR, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
[2] Maastricht Univ, Cardiovasc Res Inst Maastricht CARIM, Biochem Dept, Maastricht, Netherlands
[3] Univ Klinikum Saarlandes, Klin Innere Med Nieren & Hochdruckkrankheiten 4, Homburg Saar, Germany
[4] Univ Hosp Aachen, Aachen Maastricht Inst Cardiorenal Dis AMICARE, Aachen, Germany
[5] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Univ Hosp, Inst Mol Cardiovasc Res IMCAR, Aachen, Germany
来源
关键词
Cardiorenal syndrome; Chronic kidney disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Risk factors; Mechanisms; Kardiorenale Syndrome; Chronische Niereninsuffizienz; Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen; Risikofaktoren; Mechanismen; OUTCOMES; METAANALYSIS; DYSFUNCTION; INHIBITION;
D O I
10.1007/s00059-024-05235-4
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of patients with CKD developing CVD is manifested already in the early stages of CKD development. The impact of declined kidney function on increased cardiovascular risk and the underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. This review discusses the impact of (a) traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension as well as (b) CKD-specific pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The latter include uremic toxins, post-translational modifications and uremic lipids, innate immune cell activation and inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased coagulation and altered platelet responses, vascular calcification, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) and sympathetic activation, as well as anemia. Unraveling the complex interplay of different risk factors, especially in the context of patient subcohorts, will help to find new therapeutic approaches in order to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable patient cohort. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen kommen bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz sehr haufig vor. Das Risiko von Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, eine kardiovaskulare Erkrankung zu entwickeln, entsteht bereits in den fruhen Stadien der Nierenschadigung. Die Folgen einer verminderten Nierenfunktion fur das erhohte kardiovaskulare Risiko und die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind komplex und multifaktoriell. Im vorliegenden Review werden zum einen die Auswirkungen herkommlicher kardiovaskularer Risikofaktoren wie Rauchen, Dyslipidamie, Diabetes und Bluthochdruck sowie zum anderen fur chronische Niereninsuffizienz spezifische pathophysiologische und molekulare Mechanismen erortert, die mit einem erhohten kardiovaskularen Risiko in Verbindung gebracht werden. Zu den fur chronische Niereninsuffizienz spezifischen Mechanismen gehoren uramische Toxine, posttranslationale Modifikationen und uramische Lipide, angeborene Immunzellaktivierung und Entzundung, oxidativer Stress, Dysfunktion der Endothelzellen, erhohte Gerinnung und veranderte Thrombozytenaktivierung, Gefassverkalkung, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System(RAAS)- und Sympathikusaktivierung sowie Anamie. Die Entschlusselung dieses komplexen Zusammenspiels verschiedener Risikofaktoren, insbesondere im Kontext von Patientensubkohorten, wird dazu beitragen, neue therapeutische Ansatze zu finden, um das erhohte kardiovaskulare Risiko innerhalb dieser gefahrdeten Patientenkohorte zu verringern.
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页码:95 / 104
页数:8
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