Experimental subcooled flow boiling instability and heat transfer analysis through zinc oxide coated copper hybrid nanofluid boiling on the structured microchannels

In several cutting-edge fields, including chemical reactors, laser diode arrays, microelectronic devices, micro/ minichannel heat sinks including hybrid nanofluid flow boiling have newly become popular as an extremely effective cooling approach. Very limited research have been dedicated to examining hybrid nanofluids' twophase heat transfer. The forced convective two-phase flow boiling was experimentally studied for innovative hybrid nanofluids on structured microchannels by use of a minichannel. The impacts of nanofluids on the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), pressure drop, critical heat flux (CHF), and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) were explored. It was discovered that the volume concentration of nanoparticles influences the extent to which the existence of nanoparticles postponements ONB. The consequences were linked to accessible sites for nucleation in nanofluid flow, in addition to the thinned thermal boundary layers. The percentage rise in HTC and CHF were noted to be 288% and 225%, correspondingly, on a 300 mu m microchannel for 0.1% nanofluid.