[1] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Pan African Univ Inst Basic Sci Technol & Innovat, Dept Civil Engn, POB 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
[2] Univ Manchester, Dept Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, England
[3] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, POB 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
[4] Tech Univ Mombasa, Bldg & Civil Engn Dept, POB 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya