Comparative analysis and optimization of lead/lead-free perovskite solar cell

A comparative analysis with methyl ammonium lead iodide and methyl ammonium tin iodide as absorber layers in a perovskite solar cell (PSC) is done through modelling and simulation in SCAPS-1D. Four lead-based and lead-free models with similar transporting layers are optimized with respect to the donor and acceptor densities of transporting layers as well as absorber keeping other parameters like total defect density and thickness same. It is observed that lead-free tin-based PSCs shows best performance than the lead-based PSC with similar transporting materials. With Cu2O and TiO2 as hole and electron transport layers respectively, lead and lead-free PSC exhibits 20.18 and 28.76% conversion efficiencies. On the other hand, CuI and PCBM taken as corresponding layers the conversion efficiencies reach 17.86 and 24.16% efficiencies for lead and lead-free PSCs respectively. The study enforces the use of non-toxic lead-free PSC with better performance than lead-based PSCs.