Model-based fault detection in photovoltaic systems: A comprehensive review and avenues for enhancement

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have become a vital renewable energy source, witnessing rapid global demand. Nevertheless, these systems are susceptible to faults and anomalies that can deteriorate performance and yield significant consequences. Hence, this paper is dedicated to reviewing recent advancements in monitoring, modeling, and fault detection methods for PV systems. It encompasses diverse PV system types, including gridconnected, stand-alone, and hybrid configurations, and delves into the latest data acquisition and monitoring techniques. The review also discusses various performance modeling approaches, including empirical, analytical, and numerical models, highlighting the significance of model validation and calibration. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive analysis of model-based fault detection techniques. Overall, this paper underscores the pivotal role of fault detection in PV systems and offers a thorough comprehension of available techniques vital for enhancing system management and maintenance.