Digital transformation in education: A systematic review of education 4.0

Technological developments as part of Industry 4.0 are leading to significant changes in terms of new systems, approaches, and management systems with a multitude of implications for human life. Social evolution from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and from an information society to a knowledge society has not only transformed manufacturing systems, but also how societies deal with other fields, such as education, health, and the environment. Unlike memorization-oriented education approaches, Education 4.0 is a new experience-based education system that uses technology and meets the expectations of today's world within the framework of personalized education needs. Recent literature highlights the importance of digital transformation in education and the use of an array of specific digital technologies. However, Education 4.0 emerges as a relatively new topic in the literature. In this study, the concept of Education 4.0 is examined and possible changes in known education systems are highlighted. The aim of this paper is to determine current research topics, explore knowledge gaps, and propose future directions in this field by reviewing the published literature on Education 4.0. Two different searches were made in the Web of Science core collection database, where journals were scanned and studies determined. Both quantitative analysis and qualitative discussion were used to analyze the state of the art. The study contributes a structured overview of Education 4.0-related publications and reports on the existing state of literature, categorize publications, analyze and link trends, highlight gaps, and accordingly guides future research.