Investigation of the effect of Bioglass-58S content on structural and biological properties of PCL-chitosan-58S-bioactive glass composite coating for bone tissue engineering application

Many natural and synthetic polymers have been investigated for their use as a coat for different implants in tissue engineering (TE) and biomedical application. Poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and chitosan have been widely used as biopolymers because of their desirable properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and high antibac-terial activity. In this study, the composite of PCL, chitosan with 58S bioactive glass (58S-BGs) in different amounts, including 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% (PCB0, PCB1, PCB3 and PCB5) were synthesized and characterized. In fact, BGs were applied to improve composite's biological and in vitro bioactivity properties in simulated body fluid (SBF). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different amounts of 58S-BGs (0-5 wt%) on the structural and in vitro biological and antibacterial responses of the synthesized composites. Hence, PCL-chitosan-58S-BGs composites were synthesized, coated, and characterized by different tests. Meanwhile, 3-{4,5-dime-thylthiazol-2yl}-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and antibacterial activity were applied for demonstration of in vitro biological property. The morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the specimens with 58S-BG could form the hydroxyapatite (HA) after 1 day compared to the control specimen. Moreover, biological evaluation exhibited that PCB3 had a better biocompatibility and ALP while increasing the amount of BG to 5 wt % (PCB5), the mentioned properties decreased significantly (P-value<0.05). In addition, with increasing the BG content from 0 to 5 wt%, the antibacterial properties of PCBs increased while there was no significant difference between bactericidal efficiency of PCB3 and PCB5 (P-value >= 0.05). Taken together, because of structural, in vitro biological and antibacterial results, the PCB3 has been introduced as a promising composition in TE.